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News Release 2005-90 | September 15, 2005
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Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Office of Thrift Supervision
The quality of syndicated bank credits1 showed continued improvement this year, according to the Shared National Credit (SNC)2 review released today by federal bank and thrift regulators. The review, which encompassed credits of at least $20 million that are shared by three or more financial institutions, also found that most industries exhibit much improved credit quality from peak problem levels experienced only a few years ago.
The results--reported by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Office of Thrift Supervision--are based on analyses prepared in the second quarter of 2005 and reflect business and economic conditions at that time.
Total classified credit commitments (those rated as either substandard, doubtful or loss) fell by $21.5 billion, or 29 percent, from the previous year, compared with a net decrease of $78.2 billion, or 51 percent, the year before. Commitments rated special mention decreased by $7.0 billion, or 21 percent, in contrast to 2004 when they fell by $22.4 billion, or 41 percent. None of these figures includes the effects of hedging or other techniques that organizations often employ to mitigate risk.
The ratio of classified credit commitments to total commitments fell to 3.2 percent, the lowest level since 1999. Total adversely rated credits3 (classified and special mention combined) also fell considerably, to 4.8 percent of total commitments (see Chart 1 below).
In aggregate, the 2005 SNC Program covered 6,817 credits totaling $1.6 trillion in credit commitments to 4,579 borrowers. Total commitments were up by 5.3 percent from the prior year, the first increase since 2001. However, the current level is 21 percent below the 2001 peak of $2.0 trillion. The increase in 2005 total commitments is consistent with market data pointing to higher customer demand and increased competition among a variety of lenders to provide new funds. Total outstandings, or drawn amounts, of $522 billion were up 4 percent from the prior year.
For the 2005 review, total credit commitments classified as substandard fell $10.9 billion, or 20 percent from the prior year, while doubtful credits dropped by $6.9 billion or 55 percent (see Table 1 below). Commitments classified as loss fell $3.7 billion, down 58 percent from the prior year. The portion of outstanding nonaccrual4 classified credits fell to $19.3 billion.
The quality of syndicated credits improved in most industries (see Appendix B).5 The strongest improvement in dollar terms occurred in the Oil, Gas, Pipelines and Utilities, with a $10.2 billion, or 42 percent, decline in classified commitments. However, the level of classified credits in this segment remains significantly elevated, with 7.5 percent of commitments classified. Telecommunications and Cable was the only segment to exhibit an increase in classification levels, largely due to the migration of credits previously criticized into the classified categories. Well-documented problems facing the airline industry continue to drive classifications in the Lodging and Transportation segment. The remaining segments showed modest classification rates that were below the average those for the entire SNC program.
Credits identified for special mention fell by $7.0 billion, or 21 percent, with strong declines experienced in most industries except Manufacturing. This segment experienced a notable increase in special mention volume due to problems in the automotive manufacturing sector. Of total loss classifications in 2005, $1.1 billion, or 42 percent, were directly attributable to the energy sector, most of which is related to outcomes of bankruptcy filings. The remaining losses were spread across a variety of industries.
During 2005, the share of SNC commitments held by U.S. banks edged down 1 percentage point to 45 percent. Over the past several years, lenders not affiliated with banks, such as brokerage firms, mutual funds, insurance companies, and hedge funds, have taken on larger positions in the SNC program. These nonbank6 entities have increased their share to 13 percent compared to 8 percent four years ago. Compared to last year, the share held by foreign banking organizations (FBOs) held steady at 42 percent in 2005 (see Table 2). U.S. banks and FBOs showed a decrease in classified assets, while nonbank classifications increased from the prior year. The quality of holdings also varied among entity types, with classifieds amounting to 1.6 percent of total commitments at U.S. banks, compared with 2.3 percent at FBOs and 11.7 percent at nonbanks. Total nonaccrual outstandings improved for all entity types. Most notably, U.S. banks experienced a 42 percent decline.
Banking organizations remain vigilant in identifying problem credits and have generally reflected the appropriate risk rating in their internal ratings of credits in the SNC program. Although credit quality has improved, banking organizations must continue to carefully monitor the condition of their borrowers to ensure that they promptly identify and address any emerging weaknesses and adjust loan loss allowance levels appropriately.7
1 Credits include syndicated loans and loan commitments, letters of credit, commercial leases, as well as other forms of credit. Credit commitments include both drawn and undrawn portions of credit facilities. This release reports only the par amounts of commitments; these may differ from the amounts at which loans are carried by investors.
2 The Shared National Credit (SNC) Program was established in 1977 by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. In 2001 the Office of Thrift Supervision became an assisting agency. With a few exceptions, the annual program, which seeks to provide an efficient and consistent review and classification of large syndicated loans, generally covers loans or loan commitments of at least $20 million that are shared by three or more financial institutions.
3 Adversely rated credits (also known as criticized credits) are the total of credits classified substandard, doubtful, and loss – and credits rated special mention. Classified credits are only those rated substandard, doubtful, and loss. Under the agencies’ Uniform Loan Classification Standards, classified credits have well-defined weaknesses, including default in some cases. Special mention credits exhibit potential weaknesses, which may result in further deterioration if left uncorrected.
Excerpt from Federal Reserve’s SR Letter 79-556 defining regulatory classifications: Classification ratings are defined as "Substandard," "Doubtful," and "Loss." A Substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. An asset classified as Doubtful has all the weakness inherent in one classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make the collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.
Excerpt from June 10, 1993 Interagency Statement on the Supervisory Definition of Special Mention Assets: A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
4 Nonaccrual loans are defined for regulatory reporting purposes as "loans and lease financing receivables that are required to be reported on a nonaccrual basis because (a) they are maintained on a cash basis due to a deterioration in the financial position of the borrower, (b) payment in full of interest or principal is not expected, or (c) principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or longer, unless the obligation is both well secured and in the process of collection." In Table 1, nonaccrual classifieds are those funded or outstanding portions of loans classified as substandard and doubtful which are not accruing interest. For 2005, this consisted of $14.8 billion in loans rated substandard and $4.5 billion rated doubtful.
5 Note that the current industry totals categorize borrowers using 2002 NAICS codes, in contrast to prior release of SNC data which categorized borrowers using 1997 NAICS codes.
6 Nonbanks include a wide range of institutional investors.
7 For further guidance, institutions should refer to the July 12, 1999 Joint Interagency Letter to Financial Institutions on the allowance for loan losses, as well as the July 2, 2001 Interagency Policy Statement on Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) Methodologies and Documentation for Banks and Savings Institutions.
8 NAICS groupings of industries identified in Appendix B are as follows: Telecommunication & Cable - 5132 through 51339; Manufacturing - 31 through 33 and 5121 through 5131; Professional, Scientific, and Other Services - 54, 55, 56, 61, and 62; Oil, Gas, Pipelines, and Utilities - 21 (oil- & gas-related only), 22, and 486; Construction & Real Estate - 23 and 53; Lodging and Transportation - 48 (excluding 486), 49, and 72; Financial Services and Insurance - 52; and All Other - remaining NAICS codes. Prior year data has been restated to reflect industry categorizations using 2002 NAICS groupings rather than 1997 NAICS groupings used in prior data releases.
